{"id":1068,"date":"2026-05-27T17:51:19","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T15:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/?p=1068"},"modified":"2026-05-27T17:51:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T15:51:19","slug":"declaration-unitaire-du-9-decembre-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/?p=1068","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9claration unitaire du 9 d\u00e9cembre 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00c9CLARATION DU 9 D\u00c9CEMBRE 2025 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(\u00c9manant de la<\/b> Vigie de la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la Ligue des Droits de l\u2019Homme, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

la Ligue de l\u2019Enseignement, Solidarit\u00e9 La\u00efque, la Libre Pens\u00e9e, l\u2019Union Rationaliste<\/b>) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab RETROUVER LE SENS DE LA LA\u00cfCIT\u00c9<\/i> \u00bb<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

L<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span><\/span>c\u00e9l\u00e9bration du cent-vingti<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>me anniversaire de la <\/span><\/span>loi de S\u00e9paration des \u00c9glises et de l\u2019\u00c9tat du 9 d\u00e9cembre 1905<\/b><\/span><\/span> donne aux associations signataires de ce texte l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>occasion de rappeler combien la la<\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 est essentielle \u00e0 l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>agencement de la vie d\u00e9mocratique. Elles rejoignent ainsi l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>intention de la Constitution qui en a fait, en la pla\u00e7ant au service de la <\/span><\/span>Libert\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span>, de l<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span>\u00c9galit\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span> et de la<\/span><\/span> Fraternit\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span>, l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>un des principes fondateurs de la <\/span><\/span>R\u00e9publique<\/b><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Reliant la France \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 des nations d\u00e9mocratiques, la la\u00efcit\u00e9 trouve son origine dans la <\/span><\/span>D\u00e9claration des Droits de l<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Homme et du Citoyen de 1789.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> En fixant \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>le principe de toute souverainet\u00e9 dans la nation<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>(art<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> 3), la D\u00e9claration affirme l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>autonomie du pouvoir politique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des lois divines<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>; en affirmant que \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>nul ne peut \u00ea<\/i><\/span><\/span>tre inqui<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9 pour ses opinions, m\u00eame religieuses pourvu que leur manifestation ne trouble pas l<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ordre public \u00e9tabli par la loi\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>(art<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> 10), elle permet \u00e0 chacun de pouvoir choisir en toute ind\u00e9pendance ses propres croyances ou convictions. Se manifeste l\u00e0 une rupture d\u00e9cisive avec l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>ordre d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>Ancien-R\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span>gime<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, fond<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 sur la primaut\u00e9 et l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>unit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de foi. Il est revenu \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation de la <\/span><\/span>Troisi<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>me R<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9publique<\/b><\/span><\/span> de confirmer le dispositif \u00e9tabli en 1789. La loi du 9 d\u00e9cembre 1905, dont le <\/span><\/span>Conseil d<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat<\/b><\/span><\/span> a pu rappeler qu<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>elle <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9tait la \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>cl\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><\/span>de vo<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00fbte<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>de la la<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, couronne la construction la<\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>que en instituant la <\/span><\/span>S\u00e9paration des \u00c9glises et de l<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat<\/b><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le texte, s<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>il contient des dispositions techniques concernant l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>organisation interne des cultes, comporte surtout deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments fondamentaux<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Il consacre d\u2019abord la <\/span><\/span>libert\u00e9 de conscience<\/b><\/span><\/span>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e dans sa double dimension individuelle et collective. Celle-ci apparait d<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>s l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>art<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span>er<\/span><\/span><\/sup>. La Libert\u00e9 appelle ainsi l\u2019\u00c9galit\u00e9<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>: la loi prot<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>ge identiquement les croyants et les non-croyants, sans qu<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>on ne puisse discriminer quiconque \u00e0 raison de ses opinions religieuses ou convictionnelles. Ensuite, en affirmant, dans son article 2, que \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>la R\u00e9publique ne reconna\u00eet, ne salarie, ni ne subventionne aucun culte<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb, la loi affirme la <\/span><\/span>neutralit\u00e9 de l<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Ce dernier doit se tenir \u00e0 \u00e9gale distance de toutes les conceptions englobantes du bien, afin de pr\u00e9server le droit \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00e9gale libert\u00e9 de conscience des citoyens<\/b><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Or, au cours des trois derni<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>res d\u00e9cennies, le r\u00e9gime de la<\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>a subi un d<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9voiement de ses principes originels\u00a0<\/span><\/span>: il <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9tait hier un dispositif de protection de la <\/span><\/span>libert\u00e9 individuelle<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>; il est devenu un appareil de d\u00e9fense de la pr\u00e9tendue \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>identit<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 nationale<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb<\/span><\/span>. A la la<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>autonomie s<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>est substitu<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9e celle de la surveillance. Issue du refus d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>accepter l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>ouverture de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 actuelle \u00e0 la pluralit\u00e9 de ses composantes culturelles, en contrant ainsi l\u2019\u00e9thique universaliste de la R\u00e9publique, elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le une conception identitaire<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> et parfois ethnique, de la nation<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Ce nouveau mod<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>le a pris une nouvelle forme juridique, \u00e0 travers une succession de lois et de r<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>glements qui ont trouv\u00e9 leur cons\u00e9cration limitative dans la <\/span><\/span>loi du 24 ao\u00fbt 2021<\/b><\/span><\/span> visant \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>conforter le respect des principes de la R\u00e9publique<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette l\u00e9gislation in\u00e9dite a introduit, en rupture avec <\/span><\/span>les principes de 1905<\/b><\/span><\/span>, une double mutation. Jusque-l\u00e0, l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>imp\u00e9ratif de neutralit\u00e9 ne valait que pour les espaces et les agents de l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat\u00a0; l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>espace social \u00e9tant, en revanche et sous r\u00e9serve des exigences de l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>ordre public, une zone d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>expression ouverte \u00e0 l\u2019expression de la pluralit\u00e9 des convictions. Or, en t\u00e9moignent certaines propositions de loi r\u00e9centes, on r\u00e9clame d\u00e9sormais l\u2019extension de la r<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>gle de la discr\u00e9tion en mati\u00e8re religieuse aux citoyens ordinaires<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ensuite, la \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>nouvelle la<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb a, par un mouvement parall<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>le, r\u00e9duit la sph<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>re de la libert\u00e9. En agitant le chiffon rouge du \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>s\u00e9paratisme<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb, en faisant valoir aupr<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>s de certains de nos compatriotes, leur \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>devoir d\u2019\u00e9mancipation<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb, en se faisant en cela le gardien des bons comportements, L<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat est entr\u00e9, sur les questions religieuses et convictionnelles, dans des domaines qu<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>il laissait jusque-l\u00e0 enti\u00e8rement libres. Il intervient ainsi en r<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>glementant le port du v\u00eatement<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Il soumet les collectivit\u00e9s locales \u00e0 des contr\u00f4les in\u00e9dits. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il r\u00e9duit le champ d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>autonomie \u00e0 la fois des associations cultuelles et des associations ordinaires. Malgr\u00e9 le principe de S\u00e9paration, la loi du 24 ao\u00fbt 2021 va jusqu\u2019\u00e0 offrir la possibilit\u00e9 aux pr\u00e9fets de refuser \u00e0 certaines la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019associations cultuelles, les obligeant par ailleurs \u00e0 de lourdes d\u00e9marches administratives<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> renouvelables tous les 5 ans, mena\u00e7ant ainsi leur p\u00e9rennit\u00e9. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Faut-il se r\u00e9signer \u00e0 cette d\u00e9rive autoritaire\u00a0<\/span><\/span>? C<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>est, au contraire, \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance que veulent appeler les signataires de ce texte. Leur id\u00e9e est que cette nouvelle interpr\u00e9tation vient accentuer la d\u00e9fiance au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et emp\u00eacher un vivre ensemble harmonieux. Sans nier certes l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>importance d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>int\u00e9grer les citoyens dans un espace public partag\u00e9 organis\u00e9 autour du respect de la libert\u00e9 d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>autrui et de la recherche de l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>int\u00e9r\u00eat commun, ils appellent \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir la la<\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/span><\/span><\/span>cit<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 sur ses bases historiques, en retrouvant la vision originelle qui en faisait un syst<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span><\/span>me de promotion de la libert\u00e9 et non de surveillance de l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>opinion. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans cette perspective, il s\u2019agit de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 trois objectifs\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa D<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>abord, refaire droit \u00e0 la <\/span><\/span>libert\u00e9 de conscience<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Chacun doit pouvoir exprimer jusque dans l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>espace social ses propres convictions et croyances sans qu<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>on lui impose, au nom d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>un ordre moral que l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat se chargerait de d\u00e9finir, une quelconque invisibilit\u00e9 sociale, ni une artificielle homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 id\u00e9ologique. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa Ensuite, reconstruire <\/span><\/span>l<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ind\u00e9pendance de la sph<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>re politique<\/b><\/span><\/span>. L<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>un des grands motifs de la <\/span><\/span>loi de 1905<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> a \u00e9t\u00e9 de placer l<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9tat en dehors de tout contr\u00f4le des \u00c9glises. Nous souhaitons renouer avec cette vis\u00e9e, qui est la condition d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>une action publique autonome laiss\u00e9e, loin de toute soumission aux diverses cl\u00e9ricatures, aux seules d\u00e9terminations de la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration civique. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa Enfin, renouer avec <\/span><\/span>l<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>id\u00e9e de droit social<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Au moment de la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration de 1905, plusieurs d\u00e9fenseurs de la loi avaient affirm\u00e9, tel <\/span><\/span>Jean Jaur<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, que <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>la R\u00e9publique ne resterait la<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00ef<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>que qu<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2019\u00e0 la condition d\u2019\u00eatre sociale<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00bb. C<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>est l\u00e0 aussi un point d<\/span><\/span>\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span>ancrage de cette d\u00e9claration\u00a0: il ne peut y avoir de r\u00e9elle libert\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendamment de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions mat\u00e9rielles dans lesquelles se d\u00e9ploient les existences individuelles. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Retrouvons le sens de la la\u00efcit\u00e9, battons-nous pour une la\u00efcit\u00e9 de libert\u00e9 qui se nourrit de fraternit\u00e9 et de bien commun, assurons-lui un avenir\u00a0!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Signatures\u00a0<\/u>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 Jean-Louis Bianco<\/b> (Pr\u00e9sident honoraire de la Vigie de la La\u00efcit\u00e9<\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 Christian Eyschen<\/b> (Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Libre Pens\u00e9e<\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 Anne-Marie Harster<\/b> (Pr\u00e9sidente de Solidarit\u00e9 la\u00efque<\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 Emmanuelle Huisman<\/b>–<\/b>Perrin<\/b> (Responsable la\u00efcit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Union rationaliste<\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lacassagne<\/b> (Pr\u00e9sidente de la Ligue de l\u2019Enseignement<\/b>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2666 Nathalie Tehio<\/b><\/span><\/span> (Pr\u00e9sidente de la Ligue des Droits de l\u2019Homme<\/b>)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00c9CLARATION DU 9 D\u00c9CEMBRE 2025 (\u00c9manant de la Vigie de la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la Ligue des Droits de l\u2019Homme, la Ligue de l\u2019Enseignement, Solidarit\u00e9 La\u00efque, la Libre Pens\u00e9e, l\u2019Union Rationaliste) \u00ab RETROUVER LE SENS DE LA LA\u00cfCIT\u00c9 \u00bb La c\u00e9l\u00e9bration du cent-vingti\u00e8me anniversaire de la loi de S\u00e9paration des \u00c9glises et de l\u2019\u00c9tat du 9 d\u00e9cembre … Continuer la lecture de « D\u00e9claration unitaire du 9 d\u00e9cembre 2026 »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1068"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1072,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068\/revisions\/1072"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ledeleguelaique.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}